PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease)

PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease)
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD) or peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD), includes all diseases caused by the obstruction of large arteries in the arms and legs.PVD can result from atherosclerosis, inflammatory processes leading to stenosis, an embolism or thrombus formation.
It causes either acute or chronic ischemia (lack of blood supply), typically of the legs.

Classification

Peripheral artery occlusive disease is commonly divided in the Fontaine stages, introduced by Dr René Fontaine in 1954: [1]

  • I: mild pain on walking ("claudication");
  • II: severe pain on walking relatively shorter distances (intermittent claudication);
  • III: pain while resting (rest pain);
  • IV: tissue loss (gangrene);

Symptoms

  • Claudication - pain, weakness, numbness, or cramping in muscles due to decreased blood flow
  • Sores, wounds, or ulcers that heal slowly or not at all
  • Noticeable change in color (blueness or paleness) or temperature (coolness) when compared to the other limb
  • Diminished hair and nail growth on affected limb and digits.